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[[William Penn]] formed the first government of the then-[[Province of Pennsylvania]] on October 28, 1682, in [[Chester, Pennsylvania]].<ref>Capitol Preservation Committee 2006, p. 23.</ref> The government did not have a regular meeting place and often met in [[Friends meeting house|Quaker meeting houses]] or at private residences in Philadelphia. Pennsylvania's first state house, now known as [[Independence Hall (United States)|Independence Hall]], was built in Philadelphia starting in 1732 and was completed in 1753.<ref>Capitol Preservation Committee 2006, p. 25.</ref> With both the Pennsylvania General Assembly and the two predecessors of the [[United States Congress]] occupying Independence Hall from 1775 to 1783, the state legislature considered proposals for moving the seat of the state government. [[John Harris, Jr.]] offered to give convert|4|acre and 21 [[Perch (unit of measure)#Area|square perches]] (5,717 ft<sup>2</sup>; 531 m<sup>2</sup>) of land near the banks of the [[Susquehanna River]] in central Pennsylvania to the state, provided that it be eventually used as the site of the capital.<ref name="Barton 20">Barton 2002, p. 20.</ref><ref name="PA Manual xii">''Pennsylvania Manual'', p. xii.</ref> Harris also laid out a city in 1785, near his plot of land, and named it in honor of [[John Harris, Sr.|his father]]. In 1799, the legislature voted to move the capital to Lancaster instead of Harrisburg, because of Lancaster's greater population.<ref name="PA Manual xii"/><ref>Capitol Preservation Committee 2006, p. 31.</ref>
=== Hills Capitol ===
The legislature voted in 1810 to move the capital again, and moved the seat of government to Harrisburg in October 1812 onto the land given by Harris.<ref>"The Capitol", p. 3.</ref> An additional convert|10|acre was also purchased from [[United States Senate|United States Senator]] [[William Maclay (politician)|William Maclay]].<ref>Capitol Preservation Committee 2006, p. 32.</ref> The legislature met in the old [[Dauphin County, Pennsylvania|Dauphin County]] courthouse for the next decade until a new capitol was constructed.<ref>Colson 1906, p. 32.</ref> A competition was held to determine the design of the capitol starting in 1816, which "was the first formal contest for [designing] an American statehouse."<ref>Hitchcock 1976, p. 60.</ref> The designs submitted, including one from [[William Strickland (architect)|William Strickland]], were rejected as being too expensive. Another contest was started in January 1819. Of the seventeen designs submitted, two were selected as semifinalists. One was from Harrisburg architect [[Stephen Hills]] and the other was from the designer of the [[Washington Monument]], [[Robert Mills (architect)|Robert Mills]]; Hills' design was selected.<ref>Capitol Preservation Committee 2006, p. 39.</ref> Hills had designed a "red-brick, [[Federal architecture|Federal]]-style" capitol to "architecturally represent the function of democratic government."<ref name="PA Manual xii"/> Construction began on the Hills Capitol in 1819 and it was completed in 1822. The capitol's construction and subsequent furnishing was estimated to have cost [[United States dollar|$]]244,500 ($formatprice|{{inflation|US|244500|1822}} in CURRENTYEAR dollars).<ref name="fed">"Consumer Price Index"</ref><ref>Capitol Preservation Committee 2006, p. 49.</ref> The Hills Capitol was visited by famous people, including the [[Gilbert du Motier, marquis de Lafayette|Marquis de Lafayette]] in 1825 and Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, (later King [[Edward VII of the United Kingdom|Edward VII]]) in 1860.<ref>Millard 1936, p. 3.</ref> [[Abraham Lincoln]] visited the capitol twice, once in 1861 as [[president-elect]], and, again in 1865, to [[lying in state|lie in state]] after his assassination.<ref>Beers 1969</ref> Pennsylvania's collection of [[American Civil War|Civil War]] battle flags, which were accumulated in 1866, was moved from the State Arsenal to the second floor of the capitol in 1872.<ref>Sauer 1987, p. 31.</ref> The flags were moved, again, in 1895 to the Executive, Library and Museum Building.<ref>Sauer 1987, p. 32.</ref> On February 2, 1897, around noon, smoke was discovered coming from the Lieutenant Governor's office. By early evening, the Hills Capitol had been reduced to a "smoldering mass of debris".<ref>Capitol Preservation Committee 2006, p. 64.</ref>
=== Cobb Capitol ===
[Capitol.jpg|thumb|The Cobb Capitol (1899–1902)|alt=A sepia-toned photo of a large, rectangular building.]
After the destruction of the Hills Capitol, the now "homeless" legislature moved to a nearby [[Methodism|Methodist Church]].<ref>Colson 1906, p. 52.</ref> It soon came under pressure to move the capital to [[Pittsburgh]] or back to Philadelphia and quickly appropriated monies to build a new capitol in Harrisburg.<ref name="PA Manual xiii">''Pennsylvania Manual'', p. xiii.</ref><ref>Capitol Preservation Committee 2006, p. 73.</ref> Governor [[Daniel H. Hastings]] opted for a [[PAYGO|pay-as-you-go]] policy to allow the construction costs to be spread over multiple annual budgets. Governor Hastings also figured that $550,000 ($formatprice|{{inflation|US|550000|1897}} in CURRENTYEAR dollars) was enough to build "a small legislative building" that could be added onto as needed over time.<ref name="fed"/><ref>Capitol Preservation Committee 2006, p. 71.</ref> After building designs were submitted by various architects in another competition, [[Henry Ives Cobb]] was chosen in 1897 to design the new capitol. Construction of the Cobb Capitol began on May 2, 1898. The legislature met in the finished building, which they had deemed complete, even though it was an "unadorned, unfinished, several-story brown brick structure that looked like a factory", on January 3, 1899.<ref name="PA Manual xiii"/> Cobb himself described the building simply as "ugly" but believed that he would be able to finish it eventually, when more funding became available.<ref name="PA Manual xiii"/><ref>Capitol Preservation Committee 2006, p. 83.</ref>
=== Huston Capitol ===
Governor [[William A. Stone]] appointed a new Capitol Building Commission in 1901. The commission then held another design competition, for Pennsylvania architects only, which prevented Cobb, a [[Chicago]]an, from submitting a design or finishing his capitol.<ref name="CPC 88">Capitol Preservation Committee 2006, p. 88.</ref> The Building Commission also stipulated that parts of the unfinished, current capitol were to be used in the new capitol. The General Assembly had also appropriated $4 million ($formatprice|{{inflation|US|4000000|1901}} in CURRENTYEAR dollars) for the construction of the capitol, but did not provide a limit on the total cost of furnishing it, which would cause problems after the completion of the capitol.<ref name="fed"/><ref name="CPC 88"/> Joseph Miller Huston's design was chosen, out of a total of only nine entries in the competition, in January 1902. The ground was broken for the Huston Capitol on November 2, 1902, but the cornerstone was not laid until May 5, 1904.<ref name="PA Manual xiv">''Pennsylvania Manual'', p. xiv.</ref> Ownership of the capitol was handed over to the state government on August 15, 1906, and the Capitol Building Commission was dissolved.<ref>Ellis 2006, p.31.</ref>
[Capitol dedication with Roosevelt.jpg|thumb|[[Stereoscopy|Stereo card] of President Roosevelt at the 1906 dedication of the Huston Capitol|alt=Two identical photos of a man looking out over a large crowd. The images are mounted side-by-side on a card.]]
Governor [[Samuel W. Pennypacker]] dedicated the new capitol on October 4, 1906. Former Governor Stone, who had become president of the Building Commission after leaving office, ceremoniously handed over the key to the capitol to Governor Pennypacker. President [[Theodore Roosevelt]], who had arrived earlier that morning by a special train to deliver a speech and tour the new capitol, declared it "the handsomest building I ever saw".<ref>''Pennsylvania Manual'', p. xvii.</ref> The [[Pennsylvania Railroad|Pennsylvania]], [[Northern Central Railway|Northern Central]], [[Reading Company|Reading]], and [[Cumberland Valley Railroad|Cumberland Valley]] railroads each ran special trains to accommodate the crowds traveling to and from Harrisburg for the dedication.<ref>Capitol Preservation Committee 2006, p. 125.</ref>
Although the building itself was completed, the majority of the artwork in and around the capitol would not be completed for another two decades. The murals in the rotunda were not installed until 1908 and the sculptures outside the entrance to the capitol were dedicated on October 4, 1911.<ref name="Ellis 33">Ellis 2006, p. 33.</ref> The collection of Civil War flags were removed from the Executive, Library and Museum Building and, after a parade and a ceremony, were placed in glass display cases, in the capitol rotunda, on June 14, 1914.<ref>Sauer 1987, p. 35.</ref> The decoration of the capitol was completed on May 23, 1927, when the murals in the Supreme Court Chambers were unveiled.<ref name="Ellis 34">Ellis 2006, p. 34.</ref>
==== Graft scandal ====
[[William H. Berry]] was elected in 1906, shortly after the dedication, to the office of [[Pennsylvania Treasurer|State Treasurer]] on a reform, "[[electoral fusion|fusion ticket]]". Berry was the only [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] elected to a statewide office from 1895 to 1934, and his successful campaign was deemed by Governor Pennypacker to be "one of those freaks of ill fortune".<ref>Pennypacker 1911, p. 36.</ref> It was Berry who started investigating the costs of the capitol and brought its $13 million ($formatprice|{{inflation|US|13000000|1906}} in CURRENTYEAR after inflation) pricetag to the attention of the public.<ref name="fed"/> Part of the reason for the discrepancy was Pennsylvania's "over-elaborate" and sometimes "unintelligible" method of "ordering and purchasing supplies, equipment [and] furnishings, commonly called the 'per-foot rule' ".<ref>Capitol Preservation Committee 2006, p. 171.</ref><ref>Capitol Preservation Committee 2006, p. 174.</ref> Because the methods of measuring under the "per-foot rule" were not rigorously enforced, furnishing could be, intentionally, overpriced by the supplier. For example, a [[Flag#Flagpoles|flagpole]] erected on the capitol roof was priced at $850; Berry estimated the value of the pole to have been only $150.<ref>Pennypacker 1911, pp. 39–40.</ref> Other expenses included $1,619 for a $125 [[Shoeshiner|bootblack]] stand and $3,256.80 for a $325 "[[mahogany]] case in the Senate barber shop".<ref>"$125 Bootblack Stand for $1,619"</ref> Pennypacker attempted to show the (relative) reasonability of the price of the capitol by comparing to the costs of other notable structures. He pointed out that the [[United States Capitol]] cost $18 million ($formatprice|{{inflation|US|18000000|1911}} after inflation), but had "fifty-five less [rooms] than the Capitol at Harrisburg."<ref name="fed"/><ref name="Pennypacker 31">Pennypacker 1911, p. 31.</ref> Pennypacker also showed how the [[New York State Capitol]] had cost $24 million ($formatprice|{{inflation|US|24000000|1911}} after inflation), and was still unfinished.<ref name="fed"/><ref name="Pennypacker 31"/> After an investigation, a total of five people, including Huston, were convicted, on December 8, 1908, and sentenced to two years in prison for "conspiring with State officials to defraud the State in the erection and furnishing of the capitol."<ref>"Huston goes to prison"</ref><ref name="graft">"Graft sentences upheld"</ref> The Superintendent of Public Ground and Buildings James Shumaker and Auditor General William P. Snyder were also convicted. Former [[United States House of Representatives|United States Representative]] [[Henry B. Cassel]] was charged but was later acquitted of any wrongdoing. Among the convicted, John H. Sanderson and [[William L. Mathues]] died before going to prison.<ref name="graft"/>
==== Brunner plan ====
[[File:Harrisburg, Pennsylvania State Capital Building.jpg|thumb|Skyline of Harrisburg from the [[Susquehanna River]], with the capitol dome in the center|alt=A city located on the opposite side of a large river, with a domed building in center of the city.]]
From 1912 to 1917, the state acquired all of the 541 separate properties that made up the Eighth Ward east of the capitol. The Eighth Ward was situated between the capitol and a set of railroad tracks, then owned by the Pennsylvania Railroad.<ref name="Inglewood 46">Inglewood 1925, p. 46.</ref> [[Arnold Brunner]] was hired in 1916 to develop new accommodations for state government, which had already outgrown the capitol.<ref>Price 1923, pp. 289, 291.</ref> He introduced his plan in 1920, which called, first, for the demolition of the Eighth Ward.<ref name="Ellis 15">Ellis 2006, p. 15.</ref> Brunner planned two office buildings behind the capitol, the North and South Office Buildings, and these were separated by a [[courtyard]] he called the People's Court. The South Office Building was completed in 1921. The leveling of the Eighth Ward was finished in 1925.<ref name="Inglewood 46"/>
Although Brunner died on February 14, 1925, elements of his plans were still completed, except for his People's Court, which became a [[parking lot]].<ref>Ellis 2006, p. 14.</ref> Brunner planned a bridge to cross the railroad tracks and connect the capitol with the highest point in the city at 13th Street.<ref>Price 1923, p. 294.</ref> Brunner had also originally planned to have another bridge span the Susquehanna River, on the west side of the capitol. After his death, parts of the bridge were redesigned and became the current [[State Street Bridge (Harrisburg, Pennsylvania)|State Street Bridge]], which was completed in 1930. The Education Building, or Forum Building, was completed in 1931.<ref>Ellis 2006, p. 21.</ref>
==== Restoration and preservation ====
The capitol was listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] on September 14, 1977. In 1982, the Capitol Preservation Committee (CPC) was created "to supervise and coordinate the historic preservation of the State Capitol Building".<ref>"House Bill 2577"</ref> One of the CPC's first projects was the preservation of the 390 Civil War flags and 22 flags from the [[Spanish–American War]], which had sat undisturbed since being placed in the rotunda in 1914.<ref>Capitol Preservation Committee 2006, p. 305.</ref> Between 1985 and 1987, [[scaffolding]] was erected in the rotunda and the murals removed for restoration.<ref>Capitol Preservation Committee 2006, pp. 306, 309.</ref> The statue atop the capitol dome was removed for restoration via a [[S-64 Skycrane|Skycrane]] helicopter in the summer of 1998.<ref>Capitol Preservation Committee 2006, p. 331.</ref> The statue was returned to the dome by Skycrane in September of the same year, after restoration. It was decided to restore the Senate Chamber after it was flooded with 26,000 [[United States customary units#Fluid volume|gallons]] (98,000 [[Litre|l]]; 22,000 [[Imperial units#Volume|imp gal]]) of water on February 14, 1999.<ref>Capitol Preservation Committee 2006, p. 332.</ref> The capitol was declared a [[National Historic Landmark]] on September 20, 2006, during its centennial.<ref>Ellis 2006, p. 42.</ref>
== Exterior ==
[Capitol Outside Statue.JPG|thumb|''The Burden of Life: The Broken Law'' outside of the capitol, to the right of the front entrance|alt=A white marble sculpture on a pedestal situated against the front of a building]
The capitol is convert|520|ft long and convert|272|ft tall.<ref name="Caffin 13"/> It is convert|254|ft wide at its center wing and its two side wings are convert|212|ft.<ref name="Caffin 13"/> The facade of the capitol is constructed out of [[granite]] from [[Hardwick, Vermont|Hardwick]], [[Vermont]].<ref>Caffin 1906, p. 12.</ref> The convert|94|ft|adj=on diameter capitol dome is topped by the [[gilding|gilded]] brass statue of [[commonwealth (statue)|''Commonwealth'']] by [[Roland Hinton Perry]]. Standing convert|14|ft|6|in tall atop a convert|4|ft|adj=on diameter ball, the statue is the personification of a [[Commonwealth (U.S. state)|commonwealth]].<ref>"Report and Official Opinions", p. 603.</ref> The dome itself weighs convert|26000|ST|lk=on and was architecturally inspired by [[St. Peter's Basilica]] in [[Vatican City]].<ref name="Caffin 13"/><ref>Caffin 2006, p. 16.</ref>
Huston designed the large bronze doors at the capitol's main entrance. They were modeled by sculptor Otto Jahnsen and were both cast in one piece using the [[lost-wax casting|lost wax]] method of casting by the Henry Bonnard Bronze Company.<ref>Caffin 1906, p. 18.</ref> The doors are decorated with scenes from the history of Pennsylvania, such as the arrival of William Penn and his peace treaty with the [[Lenape]]. [[Bust (sculpture)|Busts]] of people who were important in the construction of the capitol, like Governor Pennypacker, [[Boies Penrose]], and [[Matthew Quay]], decorate the edges of the doors.<ref>"The Capitol", p. 7.</ref> The bust of Huston hides the doors' keyhole. The entrance is flanked by two sculptures, entitled ''Love and Labor: The Unbroken Law'' and ''The Burden of Life: The Broken Law''. Both were sculpted out of [[Carrara]] marble by [[George Grey Barnard]] in 1909.<ref>"The Capitol", p. 21.</ref>
=== Grounds ===
The Pennsylvania Capitol Grounds, officially the Capitol Park, comprises convert|45|acre and 26.4 [[Perch (unit of measure)#Area|square perches]] (7,187 ft<sup>2</sup>; 668 m<sup>2</sup>).<ref name="Inglewood 46"/> The grounds are bounded by North Street on the north, 7th Street on the east, Walnut Street on the south and 3rd Street on the west. Arnold Brunner designed the layout of the grounds, which originally totaled only convert|15|acre from the land Harris and Maclay gave to the state. The remaining convert|29|acre were added when the state bought the Eighth Ward.
A convert|64|ft|adj=on monument, dedicated to the citizens of Pennsylvania who died in the [[Mexican–American War]], was built in 1858. The monument was not placed onto the grounds until 1868 and was moved to the southeast corner of the grounds in 1893, when the Executive, Library and Museum Building was built.<ref name="Ellis 17">Ellis 2006, p. 17.</ref> In 1896–97, a monument, dedicated to former governor [[John F. Hartranft]], was sculpted by [[Frederick Ruckstull]]. The convert|26|ft|adj=on monument was unveiled on May 18, 1899, and was placed in front of the capitol. It was moved, in 1927, in front of the Executive, Library and Museum Building.<ref name="Ellis 17"/> Friends of Penrose in the General Assembly, who had died in 1921, passed legislation for a memorial to Penrose. The convert|16|ft|adj=on monument was dedicated on September 23, 1930, and is located near the corner of North 3rd and Walnut Streets.<ref name="Ellis 17"/>
== Interior ==
[Peterson, Sec. Norton, and Gov. Rendell Press Conference 2004.jpg|thumb|Congressman [[John E. Peterson], [[United States Secretary of the Interior|Interior Secretary]] [[Gale Norton]] and Governor [[Ed Rendell]] in front of the grand staircase|alt=A woman and four men behind a podium in front of a large, marble staircase.]]
The Pennsylvania State Capitol houses the chambers for the [[Pennsylvania House of Representatives]], the [[Pennsylvania Senate]], and the Harrisburg chambers for the [[Supreme Court of Pennsylvania]]. The Capitol contains 475 rooms and has four [[storey|floors]], not including a [[mezzanine (architecture)|mezzanine]] between the first and second floors, and a basement.<ref>Ellis 2006, p. 35.</ref> The bronze entrance doors of the capitol lead into the rotunda on the first floor with the grand staircase in the center. The staircase in the rotunda is an [[imperial staircase]], similar to the one in the ''[[Palais Garnier]]'' in [[Paris]], [[France]].<ref name="PA Manual xiv"/> The staircase leads to the mezzanine between the first and second floors, before splitting into two staircases leading to the second floor. [[Edwin Austin Abbey]] painted four [[allegory|allegorical]] medallions around the base of the capitol dome, detailing the "four forces of civilization": ''Art'', ''Justice'', ''Science'', and ''Religion''. Four [[lunette]] murals were also painted by Abbey and "symbolize Pennsylvania's spiritual and industrial contributions to modern civilization".<ref>Ellis 2006, p. 33.</ref> The lunettes are situated in the recesses of each arch in the rotunda. The rotunda is paved with tiles, hand-crafted by [[Henry Chapman Mercer]], from the [[Moravian Pottery and Tile Works]].<ref name="Capitol 14">"The Capitol", p. 14.</ref> Mercer produced convert|1600|sqft of tile, which includes "377 mosaics, representing 254 scenes, artifacts, animals, birds, fish, insects, industries and workers from Pennsylvania history".<ref name="Capitol 14"/>
[Capitol Rotunda.jpg|thumb|left|The interior of the capitol dome. The four medallions are visible, as well as the ''Spirit of Light'' (right) and the ''Spirit of Vulcan'' (left) lunette murals.|alt=The interior of a dome, with four circle paintings around the base of dome. A half-moon painting is visible on both the far left and far right.]
The lower house of the bicameral General Assembly, the House of Representatives, has 203 members, elected for a term of 2 years, and presided over by the [[Speaker of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives|Speaker of the House]]. The House Chamber, or Hall of the House, is the largest of the three chambers at convert|90|ft wide and convert|120|ft long.<ref>Ellis 2006, p. 8.</ref> It is located on the south side of the rotunda. The House Chamber was designed with an [[Italian Renaissance]] theme.<ref name="PA Manual xiv"/> [[William B. Van Ingen]] created the fourteen circular, stained-glass windows in the House Chamber, and Abbey painted its five murals.<ref name="Capitol 20">"The Capitol", p. 20.</ref> The largest of the murals is situated behind the Speaker's [[wiktionary:rostrum|rostrum]]. Called the ''Apotheosis of Pennsylvania'', it depicts 28 [[List of people from Pennsylvania|famous Pennsylvanians]].Ref label|A|a|none<ref name="Capitol 19">"The Capitol", p. 19.</ref>
The Senate is the upper house of the state legislature and has 50 members, elected to 4-year terms. The Senate is presided over by the President of the Senate, who is also the Lieutenant Governor. The convert|95|by|80|ft|adj=on Senate Chamber, or Hall of the Senate, is the second-largest chamber and was designed with a [[French Renaissance]] theme.<ref name="PA Manual xiv"/><ref>Ellis 2006, p. 10.</ref> It is located on the north side of the rotunda, opposite the House. [[Violet Oakley]] painted the murals in the Senate Chamber. Ingen also made 10 stained-glass windows for the Senate Chamber.<ref name="Capitol 20"/> Both the House and Senate Chambers are on the second floor, each with an entrance on the third and fourth floors leading to a [[press gallery]].<ref name="Caffin 9">Caffin 1906, p. 9.</ref>
The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania is the [[supreme court|court of last resort]] in the Commonwealth. The Supreme Court Chamber, officially the Supreme and Superior Court Chamber, was designed using [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] and [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] themes.<ref name="PA Manual xiv"/> It is located on the fourth floor of the capitol, on the east side of the rotunda. The Supreme Court Chamber is the smallest of the three chambers at convert|42|by|72|ft.<ref name="Ellis 11">Ellis 2006, p. 11.</ref> Oakley painted the 16 murals in the "Supreme Courtroom" to depict the history of law.<ref>"The Capitol", p. 36</ref> A stained-glass dome, designed by Pennsylvania native Alfred Godwin, is in the center of the ceiling.<ref name="Ellis 11"/>
== Capitol Complex ==
main|Pennsylvania State Capitol Complex
The Pennsylvania State Capitol Complex includes the buildings owned by Commonwealth, which are controlled by the [[Pennsylvania Department of General Services]], and are centered around the capitol in Harrisburg.<ref>''Pennsylvania Manual'', p. 1-9.<!— "1-9" indicates a subpage, not a page range—></ref>
The oldest building in the complex is the Executive, Library and Museum Building. Situated next to the Hills Capitol and the Huston Capitol, it was built in 1894. It was designated the Matthew J. Ryan Legislative Office Building on June 14, 1999, in recognition of former Speaker [[Matthew J. Ryan]].<ref>"Senate Bill 1000"</ref> The Ryan Office Building is the oldest building in the complex and was originally designed to house the [[State Library of Pennsylvania|State Library]] and [[State Museum of Pennsylvania]], as well as the Governor's Office and Reception Room. Today it houses the offices of the members of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives.<ref name="Ellis 15"/>
The seven-story North and South Office Buildings are situated behind the capitol and overlook the East Wing.<ref>Ellis 2006, p. 18.</ref> The State Museum and [[Pennsylvania State Archives|State Archives]] buildings were constructed in 1964. A convert|640|by|320|ft|adj=on addition, called the East Wing, was dedicated on December 2, 1987.<ref name="Goldberger H37">Goldberger 1989, p. H37.</ref> The East Wing replaced the decades-old parking lot and fulfilled Brunner's plan of a People's Court. It was built partially underground, such that the tallest point on the East Wing barely reaches the first floor of the capitol.<ref name="Goldberger H37"/>
Panorama
| image = File:Pennsylvania Capitol East Wing panorama.jpg
| height = 300
| caption = The East Wing of the Pennsylvania Capitol (1987), with the 1906 Capitol behind, as seen in October 2008
| alt = A large plaza with a fountain in front staircases leading the second level of the plaza. The entire plaza is situated in front of and below a large, domed building.
==See also==
portal|Pennsylvania|Seal of Pennsylvania.svg
- [[List of National Historic Landmarks in Pennsylvania]]
- [[List of state capitols in the United States]]
- [[National Register of Historic Places listings in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania]]
== Notes ==
<div class="references-small">
:'''a.''' Note label|A|a|noneThe 28 Pennsylvanians shown in the painting are: [[John Bartram]] and son [[William Bartram]] (counted as one), [[Daniel Boone]], [[Andrew Curtin]], [[George M. Dallas|George Mifflin Dallas]], [[John Dickinson (delegate)|John Dickinson]], [[Oliver Evans]], [[Benjamin Franklin]], [[Stephen Girard]], [[Winfield Scott Hancock]], [[Henry Hudson]], [[Johannes Kelpius]], [[Thomas McKean]], [[George Meade]], [[Peter Minuit]], [[Robert Morris (financier)|Robert Morris]], [[Peter Muhlenberg|John Peter Muhlenberg]], [[Thomas Paine]], [[Francis Pastorius]], [[William Penn]], [[Walter Raleigh]], [[David Rittenhouse]], [[Benjamin Rush]], [[William Smith (Anglican priest)|William Smith]], [[Thaddeus Stevens]], [[Anthony Wayne]], [[William White (Bishop of Pennsylvania)|William White]], and [[Caspar Wistar (physician)|Caspar Wistar]].<ref name="Capitol 19"/>
</div>
== References ==
reflist|2
== Sources ==
- cite news |title=$125 Bootblack Stand for $1,919 |date=March 26, 1907 |work=The New York Times |page=3
- cite book |last=Barton |first=Michael |coauthors=Jessica Dorman |title=Harrisburg's old eighth ward |year=2002 |location=[[Charleston, South Carolina|Charleston, SC]] |publisher=[[Arcadia Publishing|Arcadia]] |isbn=073852378X |series=The Making of America
- cite journal |last=Beers |first=Paul B |title=Harrisburg: Pennsylvania's Capital City |year=1969 |work=Historic Pennsylvania Leaflet #9 |location=[[Harrisburg, Pennsylvania|Harrisburg]] |publisher=[[Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission]]
- cite book |last=Caffin |first=Charles Henry |title=Handbook of the New Capitol of Pennsylvania |year=1906 |publisher=Mount Pleasant Press |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=HSUpAAAAYAAJ |location=Harrisburg
- cite book |last=Colson |first=William Wyman |title=The state capitol of Pennsylvania |publisher=Telegraph Printing Company |year=1906 |location=Harrisburg
- cite web |title=Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–2008 |url=http://www.minneapolisfed.org/community_education/teacher/calc/hist1800.cfm |publisher=[[Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis]] |location=[[Minneapolis]] |accessdate=July 17, 2009
- cite web |last=Ellis |first=Christopher R |date=January 16, 2006 |title=Pennsylvania State Capitol Building |work=National Historic Landmark Nomination |format=[[Portable Document Format|PDF]] |publisher=[[National Park Service]] |url=http://www.nps.gov/nhl/designations/samples/pa/PA%20Capitol.pdf |accessdate=June 12, 2009
- cite news |last=Goldberger |first=Paul |title=A Bit of Old Athens on the Susquehanna |date=October 8, 1989 |work=[[The New York Times]]
- cite news |title=Graft sentences upheld |url=http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9D07E7DB1430E233A2575BC0A9659C946196D6CF |format=PDF |date=March 8, 1910 |work=The New York Times |page=2 |accessdate=November 18, 2009
- cite book |last=Hitchcock |first=Henry Russell |coauthor= William Seale |year=1976 |title=Temples of Democracy: The State Capitols of the U.S.A |location=[[New York City|New York, NY]] |publisher=Harcourt, Brace Jovanovich
- cite news |title=Huston goes to prison |url=http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?_r=2&res=9B02EFD81439E333A25757C2A9639C946096D6CF |format=PDF |date=May 24, 1911 |work=The New York Times |page=1 |accessdate=November 18, 2009
- cite web |last=Millard |first=Julian |title=First Capitol Buildings |year=1936 |publisher=[[Historic American Buildings Survey]] |location=Harrisburg |url=http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/hh:@field(DOCID+@lit(PA0394)) |accessdate=December 7, 2008
- cite book |last=Inglewoord |first=Marian |title=Then and Now in Harrisburg |year=1925 |location=Harrisburg |publisher=Minnie I Etzweiler
- cite journal |author=[[Pennsylvania Attorney General]] |title=Report and Official Opinions of the Attorney General of Pennsylvania |year=1907 |publisher=Harrisburg Publishing |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=HagWAAAAYAAJ |accessdate=October 16, 2009
- cite book |author=Pennsylvania Capitol Preservation Committee |title=Literature in Stone: The Hundred Year History of Pennsylvania's State Capitol |publisher=Pennsylvania Capitol Preservation Committee |location=Harrisburg |year=2006 |isbn=0964304880
- cite web |author=Pennsylvania General Assembly |url=http://www.legis.state.pa.us/cfdocs/billinfo/billinfo.cfm?syear=1981&sind=0&body=H&type=B&bn=2577 |title=House Bill 2577 |location=Harrisburg |publisher=State of Pennsylvania |year=1982 |accessdate=July 19, 2009
- cite web |author=Pennsylvania General Assembly |url=http://www.legis.state.pa.us/cfdocs/billinfo/billinfo.cfm?syear=1999&sind=0&body=S&type=B&bn=1000 |title=Senate Bill 1000 |location=Harrisburg |publisher=State of Pennsylvania |year=1999 |accessdate=July 7, 2009
- cite book |title=[[Pennsylvania Manual]] |volume=117 |location=Harrisburg |year=2006 |publisher=Pennsylvania Department of General Services
- cite book |last=Pennypacker |first=Samuel W |authorlink=Samuel W. Pennypacker |title=The Desecration and Profanation of the Pennsylvania Capitol |publisher=William J. Campbell |location=[[Philadelphia]] |year=1911
- cite journal |last=Price |first=Matlack |title=Capitol Park, Harrisburg, PA: Arnold W. Brunner, Architect |journal=[[Architectural Record]] |volume=53 |issue=295 |date=April 1923 |pages=287–306 |issn=0003-858X
- cite book |last=Sauer |first=Richard A |title=Advance the Colors!: Pennsylvania Civil War Battle Flags |publisher=Capitol Preservation Committee |year=1987 |volume=1 |isbn=0818200901
- cite web |title=The Capitol |url=http://www.legis.state.pa.us/WU01/VC/visitor_info/brown/capitol.pdf |format=PDF |publisher=[[Pennsylvania House of Representatives]] |accessdate=June 12, 2009
commons cat|Pennsylvania State Capitol
==External links==
Pennsylvania
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
US State Capitols
National Register of Historic Places
featured article
[architecture]
[buildings]
[and structures in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania]
[of Pennsylvania]
[in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania]
[museums in Pennsylvania]
[Historic Landmarks in Pennsylvania]
[State Capitol Complex]
[Revival architecture in the United States]
[capitols in the United States]
[[he:קפיטול מדינת פנסילבניה]]
